A class that cannot be instantiated directly and is designed to be inherited by other classes.

The practice of making software and websites usable by people with disabilities.

A software development methodology that emphasizes iterative development, collaboration, and flexibility in responding to change.

A step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem or completing a task in software.

A set of protocols, tools, and definitions that allow different software applications to communicate with each other.

A data structure that stores a collection of elements, typically of the same type, in a contiguous block of memory.

A programming approach where operations can occur independently without waiting for other operations to complete.

The process of verifying the identity of a user, device, or system before granting access to resources.

The process of determining what actions or resources an authenticated user is permitted to access.

A comprehensive cloud computing platform provided by Amazon, offering services like compute, storage, and databases.

The server-side of an application that handles data processing, business logic, and database interactions.

A method of running high-volume, repetitive data jobs without user interaction.

A distributed, immutable ledger technology that records transactions across multiple computers.

A data type that can have one of two values: true or false.

A parallel version of a repository in version control systems, allowing developers to work on features independently.

A temporary storage area in memory used to hold data while it's being transferred between locations.

An error, flaw, or fault in software that causes it to produce incorrect or unexpected results.

The process of converting source code into a standalone executable form that can run on a computer.

A tool that combines multiple source files and dependencies into optimized bundles for deployment.

An intermediate representation of code that is compiled from source code and can be executed by a virtual machine.

A hardware or software component that stores data temporarily to speed up future requests for that data.

A function passed as an argument to another function, to be executed after a specific event or operation completes.

A practice of automating the integration of code changes and deploying them to production frequently.

A blueprint for creating objects in object-oriented programming, defining properties and methods.

A text-based interface for interacting with software and operating systems by typing commands.

The delivery of computing services over the internet, including servers, storage, databases, and software.

The systematic examination of source code by peers to find bugs and improve code quality.

A program that translates source code written in a high-level programming language into machine code.

A lightweight form of virtualization that packages applications and their dependencies together.

An acronym for Create, Read, Update, and Delete - the four basic operations of persistent storage.

A stylesheet language used to describe the presentation and styling of HTML documents.

A way of organizing and storing data in a computer so it can be accessed and modified efficiently.

An organized collection of structured data stored electronically and accessed through a database management system.

The process of finding and fixing bugs or errors in software code.

An external library, package, or module that a software project requires to function properly.

The process of making a software application available for use in a production environment.

A set of practices that combines software development (Dev) and IT operations (Ops) to shorten the development lifecycle.

A hierarchical system that translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses.

A platform for developing, shipping, and running applications in isolated containers.

A programming interface for HTML and XML documents that represents the page structure as a tree of objects.

A software development principle aimed at reducing repetition of code patterns.

An optimization technique that solves complex problems by breaking them down into simpler subproblems.

A distributed computing paradigm that brings computation and data storage closer to the sources of data.

An object-oriented programming concept that bundles data and methods together and restricts direct access to some components.

The process of converting data into a coded format to prevent unauthorized access.

A specific URL or URI where an API can access resources or perform operations.

A special data type that defines a set of named constants.

A dynamic value that can affect the behavior of running processes and is stored outside the code.

A static code analysis tool for identifying and fixing problems in JavaScript code.

A data integration process that extracts data from sources, transforms it, and loads it into a target system.

A software design pattern where system components communicate through the production and consumption of events.

An event that disrupts the normal flow of program execution, typically representing an error condition.

A design pattern that provides an interface for creating objects without specifying their concrete classes.

A network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on security rules.

Creating a copy of a repository to freely experiment with changes without affecting the original project.

A reusable software platform that provides a foundation for developing applications with pre-built components and structure.

The client-side of an application that users interact with directly, including the user interface and user experience.

A standard network protocol used to transfer files between a client and server over a network.

Refers to development involving both frontend and backend aspects of an application.

A reusable block of code that performs a specific task and can be called from other parts of a program.

A programming paradigm that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions.

An automated testing technique that provides invalid, unexpected, or random data as input to find bugs.

An automatic memory management process that reclaims memory occupied by objects no longer in use.

A network node that serves as an access point to another network, often translating between protocols.

A style of programming where algorithms are written in terms of types to be specified later.

A distributed version control system for tracking changes in source code during software development.

A web-based platform for version control and collaboration using Git repositories.

A specialized processor designed to accelerate graphics rendering and parallel processing tasks.

A query language for APIs that allows clients to request exactly the data they need.

A command-line utility for searching plain-text data for lines that match a regular expression.

A high-performance, open-source framework for remote procedure calls (RPC) developed by Google.

A visual interface that allows users to interact with software through graphical elements like buttons and icons.

The process of converting input data of any size into a fixed-size string of characters using a hash function.

A region of memory used for dynamic memory allocation where blocks of memory are allocated and freed in an arbitrary order.

A base-16 number system commonly used in computing to represent binary data in a more human-readable format.

A mechanism for intercepting and modifying the behavior of a program or system at specific points.

Adding more machines or instances to distribute load across multiple servers.

A computer or device connected to a network that provides services or resources to other devices.

A quick fix or patch to resolve a critical bug or security issue in production software.

The standard markup language for creating web pages and web applications.

An application protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems and the foundation of data communication on the web.

An extension of HTTP that uses encryption to secure communication over a computer network.

A cloud computing model that provides virtualized computing resources over the internet.

A software application that provides comprehensive facilities for software development, including code editing, debugging, and building.

An operation that produces the same result when performed multiple times.

Data or objects whose state cannot be modified after creation.

An object-oriented programming concept where a class derives properties and methods from another class.

Testing phase where individual software modules are combined and tested as a group.

A contract in programming that defines a set of methods that implementing classes must provide.

A network of physical objects embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity to exchange data.

A unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol.

An object that enables traversal through a collection of elements sequentially.

A high-level, object-oriented programming language known for its 'write once, run anywhere' capability.

A high-level, interpreted programming language commonly used for creating interactive web pages.

An open-source automation server used for continuous integration and continuous delivery.

A project management and issue tracking software commonly used in agile software development.

A database operation that combines rows from two or more tables based on a related column.

A fast, small JavaScript library that simplifies HTML document manipulation and event handling.

A lightweight data interchange format that is easy for humans to read and write and for machines to parse.

A widely used testing framework for Java programming language.

An engine that provides runtime environment to execute Java bytecode.

A compact, URL-safe means of representing claims to be transferred between two parties for authentication.

A distributed event streaming platform used for building real-time data pipelines and streaming applications.

A naming convention where words are separated by hyphens, like 'kebab-case-example'.

The core component of an operating system that manages system resources and hardware communication.

A type of NoSQL database that stores data as a collection of key-value pairs.

A modern, statically typed programming language that runs on the JVM and is interoperable with Java.

A measurable value that demonstrates how effectively a project or application is achieving key objectives.

An open-source container orchestration platform for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

An anonymous function that can be defined inline and is often used for short operations.

The time delay between a request and its response in a system or network.

Existing source code that is difficult to modify or maintain, often from older systems.

A collection of pre-written code that provides reusable functions and utilities for developers.

A linear data structure where elements are stored in nodes, each pointing to the next node.

A static code analysis tool that identifies programming errors, bugs, and stylistic issues.

An open-source, Unix-like operating system kernel widely used in servers, embedded systems, and development.

A device or software that distributes network traffic across multiple servers to ensure reliability and performance.

A hostname that refers to the current computer used to access the network.

The practice of recording events, errors, and system activities for debugging and monitoring purposes.

A programming construct that repeats a block of code multiple times until a condition is met.

A subset of artificial intelligence that enables systems to learn and improve from experience without explicit programming.

A condition where a program fails to release memory it no longer needs, eventually consuming all available memory.

The process of combining changes from different branches in version control systems.

An architectural style that structures an application as a collection of small, independent services.

Software that provides common services and capabilities to applications beyond what's offered by the operating system.

Creating simulated objects that mimic the behavior of real objects in testing.

A popular NoSQL document-oriented database that stores data in flexible, JSON-like documents.

A software design where all components are interconnected and interdependent as a single unit.

A synchronization primitive used to prevent multiple threads from accessing shared resources simultaneously.

A software design pattern that separates an application into three interconnected components.

An open-source relational database management system based on SQL.

A container that provides scope for identifiers to prevent naming conflicts.

An application developed specifically for a particular platform or device.

The practice of connecting computers and devices to share resources and communicate.

A computing system inspired by biological neural networks that learns to perform tasks.

A high-performance web server and reverse proxy server.

A branch of AI that helps computers understand, interpret, and manipulate human language.

A JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 engine for executing JavaScript code server-side.

A category of database management systems that don't use traditional relational database structures.

A package manager for JavaScript that provides access to a vast repository of open-source libraries.

A special value representing the intentional absence of any object value.

An open standard for access delegation commonly used for token-based authentication.

A programming paradigm based on the concept of objects containing data and methods.

Software with source code that anyone can inspect, modify, and enhance.

A specification for machine-readable interface files for describing, producing, and visualizing RESTful web services.

System software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides services for programs.

The process of modifying a system to make it more efficient or use fewer resources.

A technique for converting data between incompatible type systems using object-oriented programming.

A condition where a calculation produces a result that is greater than what a data type can store.

A feature that allows multiple functions with the same name but different parameters.

Providing a new implementation for an inherited method in a subclass.

A namespace that organizes related classes and interfaces, or a collection of modules and dependencies.

A series of automated processes that code goes through from development to production.

A variable that stores the memory address of another variable.

An object-oriented programming concept where objects of different classes can be treated as objects of a common parent class.

A powerful, open-source relational database management system emphasizing extensibility and SQL compliance.

The live environment where software is deployed and used by end users.

An object representing the eventual completion or failure of an asynchronous operation in JavaScript.

A set of rules that define how data is transmitted between different devices or systems.

An intermediary server that separates end users from the websites they browse.

A method of submitting contributions to a project by requesting that changes be pulled into a repository.

A high-level, interpreted programming language known for its readability and versatility.

The process of ensuring that software meets specified requirements and is free of defects.

A type of computation that uses quantum-mechanical phenomena to perform operations on data.

A request for data or information from a database or information system.

A part of a URL that contains data to be passed to web applications as parameters.

A linear data structure that follows the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) principle.

An efficient, comparison-based sorting algorithm that uses a divide-and-conquer strategy.

A limit on the amount of resources or requests that can be consumed or made.

A database management system based on the relational model that uses tables to store data.

A JavaScript library for building user interfaces, maintained by Meta and a community of developers.

A programming technique where a function calls itself to solve a problem by breaking it into smaller instances.

An open-source, in-memory data structure store used as a database, cache, and message broker.

The process of restructuring existing code without changing its external behavior to improve readability and maintainability.

A sequence of characters that defines a search pattern for text matching and manipulation.

A storage location for software packages, code, and version history in version control systems.

An approach to web design that makes web pages render well on various devices and screen sizes.

An architectural style for designing networked applications using stateless communication and standard HTTP methods.

A dynamic, object-oriented programming language known for its simplicity and productivity.

The period during which a program is executing, or the environment in which it executes.

An agile framework for managing and completing complex projects through iterative development.

A collection of tools, libraries, documentation, and samples for developing software for a specific platform.

A cloud computing model where the cloud provider manages the infrastructure and automatically provisions resources.

A design pattern that restricts instantiation of a class to a single instance.

Five design principles in object-oriented programming that make software more maintainable and scalable.

A fixed time period during which specific work must be completed and made ready for review in agile development.

A domain-specific language used for managing and manipulating relational databases.

A cryptographic network protocol for secure data communication and remote command execution.

Cryptographic protocols designed to provide secure communication over a computer network.

A linear data structure that follows the Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) principle.

The set of rules that defines the combinations of symbols that are considered correctly structured in a programming language.

The fundamental suite of protocols that governs data transmission over the internet.

A software development approach where tests are written before the code that needs to pass them.

A predefined structure or pattern that can be used as a starting point for creating documents or code.

A conditional operator that takes three operands and returns a value based on a condition.

The process of evaluating software to detect differences between expected and actual behavior.

The smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler.

The amount of data or operations that can be processed in a given time period.

A piece of data used for authentication that grants access to resources without requiring credentials each time.

A hierarchical data structure consisting of nodes connected by edges, with a root node at the top.

An ordered, immutable collection of elements that can be of different types.

A strongly typed programming language that builds on JavaScript by adding static type definitions.

The visual elements and layout through which users interact with software or devices.

A computing industry standard for consistent encoding and representation of text across different platforms.

Testing individual components or functions of software in isolation to verify they work correctly.

A family of multitasking, multiuser operating systems that have influenced many modern systems.

The process of transferring data from a local system to a remote system or server.

The original repository or source from which a project was forked or derived.

The address used to access resources on the internet.

A description of how a user will interact with a system to achieve a specific goal.

A 128-bit number used to uniquely identify information in computer systems.

The overall experience and satisfaction a user has when interacting with a product or system.

The process of checking whether data meets specified criteria or constraints.

A named storage location in memory that holds a value that can be changed during program execution.

A dynamic array data structure that can grow or shrink in size automatically.

A situation where a customer becomes dependent on a vendor's products or services.

A system that records changes to files over time, allowing you to recall specific versions later.

Adding more power (CPU, RAM) to an existing machine to handle increased load.

A software emulation of a physical computer that runs an operating system and applications.

The creation of virtual versions of computing resources like servers, storage, or networks.

A secure connection method used to add security and privacy to private and public networks.

A progressive JavaScript framework for building user interfaces and single-page applications.

A sequential software development methodology where progress flows downward through distinct phases.

An application programming interface for web applications or web servers.

Standardized ways of integrating web-based applications using open protocols over the internet.

A method of augmenting or altering web page or application behavior with custom callbacks.

A communication protocol providing full-duplex communication channels over a single TCP connection.

Characters in code that are used for spacing, such as spaces, tabs, and newlines.

A collaborative website that can be edited by multiple users, often used for documentation.

An open-source content management system (CMS) written in PHP and used for creating websites.

A background thread that performs tasks without blocking the main execution thread.

Code that provides a simpler or more compatible interface to an existing class or library.

A family of instruction set architectures for computer processors.

A markup language that defines rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.

A query language for selecting nodes from an XML document.

A language for transforming XML documents into other formats.

A security vulnerability that allows attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages.

A computer problem related to the formatting and storage of calendar dates that occurred at the turn of the millennium.

A principle of extreme programming that states functionality should not be added until necessary.

A human-readable data serialization language commonly used for configuration files.

A package manager for JavaScript that serves as an alternative to npm.

A package manager used for RPM-compatible Linux systems like Red Hat and CentOS.

A CSS property that controls the stacking order of overlapping elements on a web page.

A software vulnerability that is unknown to those who should be interested in mitigating it.

A file format and compression algorithm used to reduce file size for storage and transmission.

A process that has completed execution but still has an entry in the process table.

A distinct managed area within a cloud computing environment or DNS system.